E-Book

E-Book 2nd Congress

  • The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption by the Mother in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and the Likelihood of Having a Child with Non-Syndromic Oral Cleft
  • Sara Bagheri,1 Saman Rouzbeh,2 Masoumeh Saberi,3 Mahsan Azimidizaj,4 Ali Ahmadi,5,*
    1. B.Sc. Student, Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Science, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
    2. B.Sc. Student, Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
    3. B.Sc. Student, Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Gilan University of Medical Science, Gilan, Iran
    4. M.Sc. Student, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
    5. M.Sc. Student, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Science in Medicine, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


  • Introduction: Oral clefts are one of the most common congenital abnormalities that have a significant physical and financial burden for patients and their families. It is also the most common congenital cranial-pink defect in humans that occurs in about 1-2 in 1000 births. Based on the fetal cause, they can be classified as cleft lip (CL/P) without cleft palate (CLO) or cleft palate (CPO). Maternal behavioral factors have been suggested to be potentially associated with oral cleft incision, including smoking, folate deficiency, antiepileptic drugs and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which are important and effective factors in this disease. In addition to this, in the United States about 10 percent of pregnant women drink alcohol and about 2 percent frequently drink too much alcohol babies had fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), and about 9 to 18 percent of them have oral clefts. In early 1978, he had a quantitative study focusing on the incidence of fetal oral cleft and consumption of alcohol by the mother. This study aimed, determine the relationship between alcohol consumption by mother in the first trimester of pregnancy and the probability of having a child with non-syndromic oral cleft.
  • Methods: This review of a study was conducted based on analytical research methodology with Narrative Review approach in 2022 by searching for keywords such as Maternal exposure, Binge drinking, Alcohol, Craniofacial lands, Cleft lip and Palate in valid databases such as Springer, PubMed, Direct Science and Scopus. Finally, 10 articles were studied, of which 8 were included in the study.
  • Results: Based on the findings of different articles, the results show that there are extensive debates and studies to discuss the role and etiology of folate in oral cleft (OFC) and have studied many studies to measure and calculate the nutritional status of folate to prevent oral incision. Only one knowledge and study can discuss the analysis of this effort to achieve evidence of the types of the disease. Approximately 20 genes are involved in the etiology of the disease, such as interferon-regulating factor 6 (IRF6), MSX1, Tgf-beta, Mthfr and Foxe1, all of which are important and effective factors. Among these genes IRF6 on chromosome 1q32.3-q41 is the most valid gene. Subsequently, these authors further demonstrated that IRF6 plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of oral peridermafrost, spatial and temporal adjustment is necessary to ensure proper palatal adhesion. In this study, due to the difficulty of nutritional assessments, the relationship between OFC and various indicators of folate exposure such as dietary intake, supplementation, folic acid enrichment, blood folate concentration and known genetic variants on blood folate concentration may be considered. The effect of moderate alcohol consumption by the mother on the outcome of pregnancy has long been debated since moderate drinking alcohol is unlikely to be more dangerous than drinking too much alcohol, another confounding factor in studies is the definition of heavy drinking. Unlike smoking or drug use, it is difficult to assess exact alcohol consumption, as alcohol concentrations vary widely between drinks (such as Wine, Beer and Distilled Alcoholic Beverages), and the drink, commonly used as a scale for consumption, is fairly vague describing a pattern of heavy drinking should include the frequency and intensity of drinking.
  • Conclusion: Among mothers who did not use supplements, the chance of having a child with cl/p was 60% lower for women who had the highest quartile of folate intake in the diet compared to women who had a dietary folate percentile of 25-74 percentile.
  • Keywords: Maternal exposure, Binge drinking, Alcohol, Craniofacial lands, Cleft lip and Palate