E-Book 2nd Congress

  • Application of Mach–Zehnder Interferometer and statistical physics in Bence Jones proteins detection
  • Ali Mohammadi Ruzbahani,1,* Abbas Javadian,2
    1. Semnan University
    2. Semnan University


  • Introduction: Detection of Bence Jones protein may be suggestive of multiple myeloma or Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Quantitative approximation of Bence-Jones proteins is done through electrophoresis and densitometry. Bence-Jones protein can be detected at the threshold of 10 mg/liter by laboratory analysis of the patient's urine. In this research, we have developed a new method using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a detection limit of 10 μg/L using computer simulation.
  • Methods: A single-mode waveguide allows the development of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer detection method with performance and reproducibility. We have used a single-mode waveguide with a core thickness of 30-50 nm at an operating wavelength of 1565 nm, which is achieved by a large difference between the refractive index of the core and the cladding. field intensity, the mode polarization and cross section dimensions of this rib waveguide are optimized through finite difference method simulation. Using statistical physics methods as well as artificial neural networks, we identified and quantitatively approximated the amount of Bence Jones proteins in the target solution, from the data obtained from the interference scheme.
  • Results: The use of optical methods along with detailed analysis based on probability equations in statistical mechanics can lead to accurate results in the identification and quantitative counting of proteins in urine or blood samples.
  • Conclusion: Quantitative detection of biomarker proteins that are directly related to various diseases, to diagnose and monitor diseases; It is needed and it allows us to accurately diagnose the disease by identifying the right protein. We have developed the Mach-Zehnder interferometer method with statistical physics to detect and estimate the number of Bence-Jones proteins. The results of this method were compared with the results of electrophoresis and were encouraging. Considering that we obtained the results based on simulation, we hope to achieve similar results in practice.
  • Keywords: statistical physics, Mach–Zehnder Interferometer, Bence Jones proteins, ANN