E-Book 2nd Congress

  • Application of pyroptosis in Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes: from current concept to future perspectives
  • Muhammad Hossein Ashoub,1 Mohadeseh Rostamipoor,2 Sajad Karimi,3 Mahsa Rahgoshay,4,*
    1. Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
    2. Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
    3. Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
    4. Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran


  • Introduction: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic cancers that develop in the bone marrow. Patients with higher-risk MDS and AML continue to have a dismal prognosis with short survival despite recent improvements in treating these illnesses. Although the pathophysiology of MDS and AML contains an immune component, it has been known for a while that immune treatments haven't been very effective in treating these conditions.
  • Methods: It is common knowledge that tumor cells tend to gradually evade cell death pathways, a trait known as apoptosis resistance, which dominates tumor drug resistance. Therefore, treatments that aim to prevent non-apoptotic cell death have received much attention lately. An essential physiological regulator of inflammatory reaction, cell growth, tissue homeostasis, and stress response is pyroptosis, a newly developed kind of cell death. The effects of various pyroptotic forms play a significant role in treating hematological malignancies. If given local or systemic therapy, pyroptosis might be produced and subsequently affect carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis. Excessive or unchecked cell death, however, can result in tissue damage, acute inflammation, or even cytokine release syndrome, which promotes the growth or recurrence of tumors. In this article, we sought to describe the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and highlight and discuss the opportunities and problems associated with activating pyroptosis pathways through various oncologic therapies in hematological malignancies.
  • Results: We reviewed and summarized the current role of pyroptosis in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia through a comparison made between traditional approaches applied in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia via the existing investigations about the pyroptosis molecular mechanisms involved in various antitumor treatments, such as targeted therapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy.
  • Conclusion: Finally, we discussed the challenges and future perspectives in clinical applications of pyroptosis. Applying pyroptosis and other novel forms of cell death may provide a new direction in treating hematological malignancies.
  • Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Myelodysplastic syndromes; Pyroptosis; Diagnosis; Molecular mechanisms.