E-Book

E-Book 2nd Congress

  • Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
  • Elnaz Sadi,1,* Amir Shourideh,2
    1. Eastern Mediterranean University
    2. Eastern Mediterranean University


  • Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) means when microorganisms develop the ability to defeat and adapted over time and no longer respond to antimicrobial medicines designed to kill them, and they continue to grow. Resistant makes infection difficult to cure and sometimes impossible, to treat. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, killing at least more than 1 million people worldwide and associated with approximately 5 million deaths in recent years. Antibiotic-resistant is a type of antimicrobial resistance that is described as resistance to antibiotics that are used to treat bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive spherically shaped bacterium, that causes serious problems such as bloodstream infections, pneumonia, bone, and joint, and several different infections. it has a unique ability to quickly respond and create resistance to every other antibiotic presented against it. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium is increasing significantly which limits the treatment conditions for this superbug.
  • Methods: In this study, the test is done to determine antimicrobial susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus with a disc diffusion test by using the Kirby Bauer testing method. To assess antimicrobial resistance patterns, thirteen different antibiotics, including Oxacillin (Ox1), Ampicillin (Amp10), Vancomycin (VA30), Gentamycin (GN10), Kanamycin A (K30), Streptomycin (S10), Erythromycin (E15), Tetracycline (TE30), Ciprofloxacin (Cip5), Clindamycin (DA2), Fosfomycin (Fos50), Cefoxitin (Fox30), and Fusidic acid (FD10), were evaluated in non-duplicate isolates of MSSA and MRSA isolated from two hundred sixty-five different clinical samples (i.e. blood, urine, and tissue). Most cultures were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR).
  • Results: Disc diffusion tests indicated that the resistance against ampicillin and erythromycin was 88% for each which was the highest resistance against antibiotics recorded. Oxacillin with 70% resistance and ciprofloxacin with 66% resistance also showed great resistance levels. The Cefoxitin resistance test identified 165 isolates 66% as MRSA and 85 isolates 34% as MSSA, out of 250 related Staphylococcus aureus isolates. As a result, resistance against oxacillin, Fosfomycin, cefoxitin, and ciprofloxacin were worrying. No strain was sensitive to all antibiotics. Resistance levels of MSSA against ampicillin, erythromycin, Fosfomycin and Fusidic acid were also highly significant. the average level of resistance also showed in cases of clindamycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline i.e., 54.5%, 45.5%, and 48% respectively. The resistance rate for kanamycin was approximated as 77% in MRSA, and 25 % in the case of MSSA. The Least level of resistance was for vancomycin Only 12% of isolates were resistant to vancomycin, among which 24 were MRSA and 6 were MSSA.
  • Conclusion: The current portion of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been increasing in MRSA as well as in MSSA. In the meantime, the number of available antibiotics for the treatment of MRSA infections is limited, needs a new collection of antibiotics to control this destructive superbug. the public has an important role to prevent antibiotic resistance. It must be used carefully to avoid the further spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and diseases. A better understanding of how bacteria evolve resistance will allow us to improve how use current antibiotics, as well as the ones we will develop in the future.
  • Keywords: Antibiotic-resistance, Staphylococcus aureus, Disc diffusion